Ethernet is a networking system that created and patented the company Xerox. Ethernet is an implementation method CSMA / CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) which was developed in 1960 at ALOHA wireless project at the University of Hawaii over coaxial cable. Standardization of Ethernet systems conducted since 1978 by the IEEE. (see Table 2.) Speed of data transmission in ethernet to date is 10 to 100 Mbps. When the market in general is the speed of 10 Mbps ethernet is commonly called 10Base series. There are various types of 10Base include: 10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, and 10Base-F which will be explained further later
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In the method CSMA / CD, a host computer that sends data to the network first ensure that the network is not used for transfers from the host computer and by others. If at this stage of checks found other data transmission and a collision (collision), then the host computer is required to repeat the request (request) delivery on the next time interval which was randomly (random). Thus, effective networking can be used interchangeably.
To determine the position where a host computer is located, then each device is given ethernet address (address) along the 48 bit unique (only one in the world). Address information is stored in a chip that typically appears during the computer on start the sequence number base 16, as shown in Figure 3.
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In the method CSMA / CD, a host computer that sends data to the network first ensure that the network is not used for transfers from the host computer and by others. If at this stage of checks found other data transmission and a collision (collision), then the host computer is required to repeat the request (request) delivery on the next time interval which was randomly (random). Thus, effective networking can be used interchangeably.
To determine the position where a host computer is located, then each device is given ethernet address (address) along the 48 bit unique (only one in the world). Address information is stored in a chip that typically appears during the computer on start the sequence number base 16, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Example ethernet address.
48 bit numbers to be easily understood grouped each 8 bits to menyetakan Base 16 number like the example above (00 40 05 61 20 e6), 3 digit code in front is the chip maker. Chips are being made by ANI Communications Inc.. Examples of well known vendors can be seen in Table 3, and other more detailed information can be obtained at http://standards.ieee.org/regauth/oui/index.html
Table 3. List of known vendors chip ethernet
| CODE NUMBER |
VENDOR NAME
|
| 00:00:0C | Sisco System |
| 00:00:1B | Novell |
| 00:00:AA | Xerox |
| 00:00:4C | NEC |
| 00:00:74 | Ricoh |
| 08:08:08 | 3COM |
| 08:00:07 | Apple Computer |
| 08:00:09 | Hewlett Packard |
| 08:00:20 | Sun Microsystems |
| 08:00:2B | DEC |
| 08:00:5A | IBM |
Based ehternet address, then any communication protocol (TCP / IP, IPX, AppleTalk, etc..) Attempted to use the information for each host computer on the network.
- 10Base5
10Base5 coaxial cable system uses 0.5-inch diameter (10 mm) as a media liaison bus shaped like a pad Figure 4. Usually the yellow cord and at both ends of the concentrator so as to have given kebelnya resistance of 50 ohms. If using 10Base5, a single network segment can be as long a maximum of 500 m, even when mounted connector (repeaters) of a network can reach a maximum length of 2.5 km.
As in Figure 5, between the NIC (Network Interface Card) that exist on the computer (DTE, Data Terminal Equipment) to the bus transmission medium (coaxial cable) it required a transceiver (MAU, Medium Attachment Unit). MAU made between the minimum distance of 2.5 m, and each segment is only able to accommodate as many as 100 units. Connector used is the 15 pin connector.
Figure 4. 10Base5 Network with the media.
Figure 5. 10Base5 structure. - 10Base2 As the network 10Base5, 10Base2 has a bus-shaped network structure. (Figure 6). It's just that the cable used is smaller, 5 mm in diameter with a type of twisted pair. MAU MAU is not needed because they already exist in the NIC so that it can be more economical. Because of this network also known as CheaperNet. Compared with 10Base5 network, the maximum length of a segment becomes shorter, about 185 m, and can disambbung to 5 segments to about 925 m. A segment is only able to accommodate no more than 30 units of computers. In this network concentrator that was necessary to make the ends of the bus transmission medium into beresistansi 50 ohms. For this type of BNC type connectors are used.
Figure 6. 10Base5 Network with the media.
Figure 7. structure 10Base2. - 10BaseT
Unlike the above two types of networks, structured 10BaseT star (star) as seen in Figure 8. Not required MAU NIC because they are included in it. In lieu of concentrators and repeaters are needed hub for star-shaped network. Maximum length of a network segment 100 m, and each hub can be connected to extend the network up to 4 units of computers connected so that the maximum can reach 1024 units.
Figure 8. 10BaseT network with the media.
Figure 9. 10BaseT structure.
Table 4. UTP cable types and applications.CATEGORY
APPLICATIONSCategory 1 Used for voice communications (voice), and is used for telephone wiring in homes Category 2 Category 2 consists of four pairs of twisted pair cable and can be used for data communications to speed of 4 Mbps Category 3 Can be used for data transmission at speeds up to 10 Mbps and is used for Ethernet and TokenRing Category 4 Same as category 3 but with transmission speeds up to 16 Mbps Category 5 Can be used at transmission speeds up to 100 Mbps, typically used for FastEthernet (100Base) or ATM network - 10BaseF10Base-F form together with a 10BaseT network that is star-shaped. Because it uses optical fiber (optical fiber) to transmission media, the long distance between the NIC and konsentratornya be up to 20 times longer (2000 m). Similarly, the total length of its network. In 10Base-F, for transmitting output (TX) and input (RX) using a cable / different media.
Figure 10. 10Base-F structure.
Figure 11. Photo NIC type 10Base5, 10Base2, and 10BaseT - Fast Ethernet (100BaseT series)Jam type of NIC that has been described above, other types of ethernet chip is 100Base series. 100Base series has varied types based on the data access methods are: 100Base-T4, 100Base-TX and 100Base-FX. 100Base-speed serial transmission can exceed the speed of its predecessor chip (10Base series) between 2-20 times (20-200 Mbps). These are made to compete with other types of high-speed LANs such as FDDI, 100VG-AnyLAN and so forth.
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