OSI REFERENCE MODEL AND standardization

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To organize a variety of computer vendor communications needed a rule that standards and disetejui various parties. Just as two people of different nations, the need to communicate translator / interpreter or a language understood by both parties. In the world of computers and telecommunications is identical to the protocol interpreter. For that the world body to deal with the standardization of the ISO (International Standardization Organization) make the rule known as the OSI reference model (Open Systems Interconnection). It is hoped all vendors of telecommunications equipment must be guided by this reference model in developing the protocol.

    OSI reference model consists of seven layers, ranging from physical layer up to the application. This reference model is not only useful for LAN products only, but in the Internet network to bring up though is indispensable. The relationship between the OSI reference model with the Internet protocol can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. OSI reference model relationship with the Internet protocol

MODEL OSI			TCP/IP	PROTOCOL TCP/IP
NO.	LAYER			PROTOCOL NAME	USEFULNESS
7	Application		Application	DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)	Protocol for the distribution of IP on the network with a limited number of IP
				DNS (Domain Name Server)	The data base engine domain name and IP number
				FTP (File Transfer Protocol)	Protocol for file transfer
				HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)	Protocol to transfer HTML files and Web
				MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extention)	Protocol to send a binary file in text form
				NNTP (Networ News Transfer Protocol)	Protocol to receive and send newsgroups
				POP (Post Office Protocol)	Protocol to retrieve mail from server
				SMB (Server Message Block)	Protocol to transfer a variety of DOS and Windows file servers
6	Presentation			SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)	Protocol to exchange mail
				SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)	Protocol for network management
				Telnet	Protocol to access remotely
				TFTP (Trivial FTP)	Protocol for file transfer
5	Sesion			NETBIOS (Network Basic Input Output System)	BIOS standard network
				RPC (Remote Procedure Call)	Remote procedure call
				SOCKET	Input Output for BSD-UNIX network types
4	Transport		Transport	TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)	Oriented data exchange protocol (connection oriented)
				UDP (User Datagram Protocol)	Data exchange protocol of non-oriented (connectionless)
3	Network		Internet	IP (Internet Protocol)	Routing protocols to determine
				RIP (Routing Information Protocol)	Routing protocols to choose
				ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)	Protocol to get hardware information from the IP numbers
				RARP (Reverse ARP)	Protocol to obtain information from a hardware IP numbers
2	Datalink	LLC	Network Interface	PPP (Point to Point Protocol)	Protocol for point to point
				SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)	Mungkin maksud Anda adalah: Protokol untuk mendapatkan informasi nomor IP dari hardware Ketikkan teks atau alamat situs web atau terjemahkan dokumen. Batal Terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia ke Inggris Protocol by using a serial connection
		MAC		Ethernet, FDDI, ISDN, ATM
1	Mungkin maksud Anda adalah: MODEL REFERENSI OSI DAN STANDARISASI Ketikkan teks atau alamat situs web atau terjemahkan dokumen. Batal Terjemahan Bahasa Indonesia ke Inggris Physical

Standardization of network problems is not only done by the ISO, but also held by other world bodies such as ITU (International Telecommunication Union), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), NCITS (National Committee for Information Technology Standardization), even by the professional association IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and the ATM-Forum in the Americas. In practice even vendors LAN products produced even by the standards of the IEEE. We can see such body established by the IEEE worker who made ​​a lot of standardization of telecommunications equipment as shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Agency workers in the IEEE

WORKING GROUP	FORM OF ACTIVITY
IEEE802.1	Standardization of the upper layer interface Hili (High Level Interface) and Data Link, including MAC (Medium Access Control) and LLC (Logical Link Control)
IEEE802.2	Standardization LLC layer
IEEE802.3	Standardization of the MAC layer for CSMA / CD (10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, etc..)
IEEE802.4	Standardization of the MAC layer for Token Bus
IEEE802.5	Standardization for the Token Ring MAC layer
IEEE802.6	Standardization of the MAC layer for-DQDB MAN (Metropolitan Area Network-Distributed Queue Dual Bus.)
IEEE802.7	Groups supporting BTAG (Broadband Technical Advisory Group) on the LAN
IEEE802.8	Groups supporting FOTAG (Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group.)
IEEE802.9	Standardization of ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) and IS (Integrated Services) LAN
IEEE802.10	Standardization of network security issues (LAN Security.)
IEEE802.11	Standardization issues and wireless LAN CSMA / CD with IEEE802.3
IEEE802.12	100VG-AnyLAN standardization issues
IEEE802.14	CATV protocol standardization issues

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